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| Mater dolorosa. JJ Tissot. Brooklyn Museum. |
The Feast of the Annunciation is normally celebrated on the 25th of March. This year Easter is early and so the Feast will be kept on the 8th of April. This provides extra days to post material in readiness for the renewal of consecration to Our Lord through the Immaculate Heart of Mary. Accordingly, I am reposting a series presenting the Seven Sorrows of Our Lady, based on the meditations of St Alphonsus de Liguori. The series was first appeared on this blog in Lent 2019.
I have inserted references in the text to numbered footnotes (e.g., [ ]). These references are not hyperlinked but may be found by scrolling to the bottom of the page.
Quis est homo qui non fleret,
matrem Christi si videret
in tanto supplicio?
Is there one who would not weep,
whelmed in miseries so deep,
Christ's dear Mother to behold?
(From the 13th century Latin hymn, Stabat Mater Dolorosa)
Jesus dies on the Cross
And now we have to admire a new sort of martyrdom, a mother condemned to see an innocent son, whom she loved with all the affection of her heart, put to death before her eyes, by the most barbarous tortures. There stood by the cross of Jesus His mother: “Stabat autem juxta crucem mater ejus.” There is nothing more to be said, says St. John, of the martyrdom of Mary: behold her at the foot of the cross, looking on her dying Son, and then see if there is grief like her grief.
Let us stop then also to-day on Calvary, to consider this fifth sword that pierced the heart of Mary, namely, the death of Jesus.
As soon as our afflicted Redeemer had ascended the hill of Calvary, the executioners stripped Him of His garments, and piercing His sacred hands and feet with nails, not sharp, but blunt: “Non acutis, sed obtusis;” as St. Bernard says, and to torture Him more, they fastened Him to the cross.
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| Jesus is nailed to the cross. JJ Tissot. Brooklyn Museum. |
Calvariæ quem vestibus:
loco exuerunt:
et manibus cum pedibus:
cruci affixerunt. Ave Maria.
Him of His garments they denude;
To Calvary they hale Him;
And there, unto the Holy Rood,
By hands and feet they nail him. Hail Mary.
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| JJ Tissot. Brooklyn Museum. |
When they had crucified Him, they planted the cross, and thus left Him to die. The executioners abandon Him, but Mary does not abandon him. She then draws nearer to the cross, in order to assist at His death. “I did not leave Him,” thus the blessed Virgin revealed to St. Bridget, and stood nearer to His cross.”
Stabat Mater dolorosa
iuxta Crucem lacrimosa,
dum pendebat Filius.
At the Cross her station keeping,
stood the mournful Mother weeping,
close to Jesus to the last.
But what did it avail, oh Lady, says St. Bonaventure, to go to Calvary to witness there the death of this Son? Shame should have prevented thee, for His disgrace was also thine, because thou wast His mother; or, at least, the horror of such a crime as that of seeing a God crucified by His own creatures, should have prevented thee. But the saint himself answers: Thy heart did not consider the horror, but the suffering: “Non considerabat cor tuum horrorem, sed dolorem.” Ah, thy heart did not then care for its own sorrow, but for the suffering and death of thy dear Son; and therefore thou thyself didst wish to be near Him, at least to compassionate Him.
Ah, true mother! says William the Abbot, loving mother! for not even the terror of death could separate thee from thy beloved Son. But, oh God, what a spectacle of sorrow, to see this Son then in agony upon the cross, and under the cross this mother in agony, who was suffering all the pain that her Son was suffering! Behold the words in which Mary revealed to St. Bridget the pitiable state of her dying Son, as she saw him on the cross: “My dear Jesus was on the cross in grief and in agony; His eyes were sunken, half closed, and lifeless; the lips hanging, and the mouth open; the cheeks hollow, and attached to the teeth; the face lengthened, the nose sharp, the countenance sad; the head had fallen upon His breast, the hair black with blood, the stomach collapsed, the arms and legs stiff, and the whole body covered with wounds and blood.”
Mary also suffered all these pains of Jesus. Every torture inflicted on the body of Jesus, says St. Jerome, was a wound in the heart of the mother. Any one of us who should then have been on Mount Calvary, would have seen two altars, says St. John Chrysostom, on which two great sacrifices were consummating, one in the body of Jesus, the other in the heart of Mary. But rather would I see there, with St. Bonaventure, one altar only, namely, the cross alone of the Son, on which, with the victim, this divine Lamb, the mother also was sacrificed. Therefore the saint interrogates her in these words: Oh Lady, where art thou? Near the cross? Nay, on the cross, thou art crucified with thy Son. St. Augustine also says the same thing: The cross and nails of the Son were also the cross and nails of the mother; Christ being crucified, the mother was also crucified.
Yes, because, as St. Bernard says, love inflicted on the heart of Mary the same suffering that the nails caused in the body of Jesus. Therefore, at the same time that the Son was sacrificing His body, the mother, as St. Bernardine says, was sacrificing her soul. Mothers fly from the presence of their dying children; but if a mother is ever obliged to witness the death of a child, she procures for him all possible relief; she arranges the bed, that his posture may be more easy; she administers refreshments to him; and thus the poor mother relieves her own sorrows. Ah, mother, the most afflicted of all mothers! oh Mary, it was decreed that thou shouldst be present at the death of Jesus, but it was not given to thee to afford Him any relief.
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| Sitio. JJ Tissot. Brooklyn Museum. |
Mary heard her Son say: I thirst: “Sitio;”[1] but it was not permitted her to give Him a little water to quench His great thirst. She could only say to Him, as St. Vincent Ferrer remarks: My Son, I have only the water of my tears: “Fili, non habeo nisi aquam lacrymarum.” She saw that her Son, suspended by three nails to that bed of sorrow, could find no rest. She wished to clasp Him to her heart, that she might give Him relief, or at least that He might expire in her arms, but she could not. She only saw that poor Son in a sea of sorrow, seeking one who could console Him as He had predicted by the mouth of the prophet: “I have trodden the winepress alone; I looked about and there was none to help; I sought and there was none to give aid.”[2] But who was there among men to console Him, if all were His enemies?
Even on the cross they cursed and mocked Him on every side: “And they that passed by blasphemed Him, wagging their heads.”[3] Some said to Him: “If thou be the Son of God, come down from the cross.”[4] Some exclaimed: “He saved others, Himself he cannot save.” Others said: “If He be the King of Israel, let Him come down from the cross.”[5] The blessed Virgin herself said to St. Bridget: “I heard some call my Son a thief; I heard others call Him an impostor; others said that no one deserved death more than He; and every word was to me a new sword of sorrow.” But what increased most the sorrows which Mary suffered through compassion for her Son, was to hear Him complain on the cross that even the eternal Father had abandoned Him: “My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?”[6] Words which, as the divine mother herself said to St. Bridget, could never depart from her mind during her whole life.
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| Mater dolorosa. JJ Tissot. Brooklyn Museum. |
Thus the afflicted mother saw her Jesus suffering on every side; she desired to comfort Him, but could not. And what caused her the greatest sorrow was to see that, by her presence and her grief, she increased the sufferings of her Son. The sorrow itself, says St. Bernard, that filled the heart of Mary, increased the bitterness of sorrow in the heart of Jesus.
Cuius animam gementem,
contristatam et dolentem
pertransivit gladius.
Through her heart, His sorrow sharing,
all His bitter anguish bearing,
now at length the sword has passed.
St. Bernard also says, that Jesus on the cross suffered more from compassion for His mother than from His own pains: he thus speaks in the name of the Virgin: I stood and looked upon Him, and He looked upon me; and He suffered more for me than for Himself. The same saint also, speaking of Mary beside her dying Son, says, that she lived dying without being able to die: Near the cross stood His mother, speechless; living she died, dying she lived; neither could she die, because she was dead, being yet alive.
Passino writes that Jesus Christ himself, speaking one day to the blessed Baptista Varana [7], of Camerino, said to her, that He was so afflicted on the cross at the sight of his mother in such anguish at his feet, that compassion for His mother caused him to die without consolation. So that the blessed Baptista, being enlightened to know this suffering of Jesus, exclaimed: Oh my Lord, tell me no more of this thy sorrow, for I cannot bear it.
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| Mater dolorosa. JJ Tissot. Brooklyn Museum. |
Men were astonished, says Simon of Cassia [8], when they saw this mother then keep silence, without uttering a complaint in this great suffering. But if the lips of Mary were silent, her heart was not so; for she did not cease offering to divine justice the life of her Son for our salvation. Therefore we know that by the merits of her dolours she co-operated with Christ in bringing us forth to the life of grace, and therefore we are children of her sorrows: Christ, says Lanspergius, wished her whom He had appointed for our mother to co-operate with Him in our redemption; for she herself at the foot of the cross was to bring us forth as her children.
And if ever any consolation entered into that sea of bitterness, namely, the heart of Mary, it was this only one; namely, the knowledge that by means of her sorrows, she was bringing us to eternal salvation; as Jesus himself revealed to St. Bridget: “My mother Mary, on account of her compassion and charity, was made mother of all in heaven and on earth.” And, indeed, these were the last words with which Jesus took leave of her before his death; this was His last remembrance, leaving us to her for her children in the person of John, when He said to her: Woman, behold thy Son: “Mulier ecce filius tuus.”[9]
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| The penitent thief. JJ Tissot. Brooklyn Museum. |
Qui latroni omnia
crimina dimisit:
ac paradisi gaudia
ilico promisit. Ave Maria.
Who put all his offence away
From that good thief believing,
Him unto Paradise that day
To promised rest receiving. Hail Mary.
And from that time Mary began to perform for us this office of a good mother; for, as St. Peter Damian [10] declares, the penitent thief, through the prayers of Mary, was then converted and saved: Therefore the good thief repented, because the blessed Virgin, standing between the cross of her Son and that of the thief, prayed her Son for him; thus rewarding, by this favour, his former service. For as other authors also relate, this thief, in the journey to Egypt with the infant Jesus, showed them kindness; and this same office the blessed Virgin has ever continued, and still continues to perform.
Example
A young man in Perugia once promised the devil that if he would help him to commit a sinful act which he desired to do, he would give him his soul; and he gave him a writing to that effect, signed with his blood. The evil deed was committed, and the devil demanded the performance of the promise.
He led the young man to a well, and threatened to take him body and soul to hell if he would not cast himself into it. The wretched youth, thinking that it would be impossible for him to escape from his enemy, climbed the well-side in order to cast himself into it, but terrified at the thought of death, he said to the devil that he had not the courage to throw himself in, and that, if he wished to see him dead, he himself should thrust him in.
The young man wore about his neck the scapular of the sorrowing Mary; and the devil said to him: “Take off that scapular, and I will thrust you in.” But the youth, seeing the protection which the divine mother still gave him through that scapular, refused to take it off, and after a great deal of altercation, the devil departed in confusion. The sinner repented, and grateful to his sorrowful mother, went to thank her, and presented a picture of this case, as an offering, at her altar in the new church of Santa Maria, in Perugia.
Prayer
Ah, mother, the most afflicted of all mothers, thy Son, then, is dead; thy Son so amiable, and who loved thee so much! Weep, for thou hast reason to weep. Who can ever console thee? Nothing can console thee but the thought that Jesus, by His death, hath conquered hell, hath opened paradise which was closed to men, and hath gained so many souls. From that throne of the cross He was to reign over so many hearts, which, conquered by His love, would serve Him with love. Do not disdain, oh my mother, to keep me near to weep with thee, for I have more reason than thou to weep for the offences that I have committed against thy Son. Ah, Mother of Mercy, I hope for pardon and my eternal salvation, first through the death of my Redeemer, and then through the merits of thy dolours. Amen.
Notes
[1] Afterwards, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, said: I thirst.
Postea sciens Jesus quia omnia consummata sunt, ut consummaretur Scriptura, dixit : Sitio.
Now there was a vessel set there full of vinegar. And they, putting a sponge full of vinegar and hyssop, put it to his mouth.
Vas ergo erat positum aceto plenum. Illi autem spongiam plenam aceto, hyssopo circumponentes, obtulerunt ori ejus. [John xix. 29]
[2] I have trodden the winepress alone, and of the Gentiles there is not a man with me: I have trampled on them in my indignation, and have trodden them down in my wrath, and their blood is sprinkled upon my garments, and I have stained all my apparel.
Torcular calcavi solus, et de gentibus non est vir mecum; calcavi eos in furore meo, et conculcavi eos in ira mea; et aspersus est sanguis eorum super vestimenta mea, et omnia indumenta mea inquinavi.
(...)
[5]my indignation itself hath helped me.
Circumspexi, et non erat auxiliator; quaesivi, et non fuit qui adjuvaret; et salvavit mihi brachium meum, et indignatio mea ipsa auxiliata est mihi [Isa lxiii. 3 & 5]
[3] And they that passed by, blasphemed him, wagging their heads,
Praetereuntes autem blasphemabant eum moventes capita sua [Matt xxvii. 39]
[4] And saying: Vah, thou that destroyest the temple of God, and in three days dost rebuild it: save thy own self: if thou be the Son of God, come down from the cross.
et dicentes : Vah qui destruis templum Dei, et in triduo illud reaedificas : salva temetipsum : si Filius Dei es, descende de cruce. [Matt xxvii. 40]
[5] He saved others; himself he cannot save. If he be the king of Israel, let him now come down from the cross, and we will believe him.
Alios salvos fecit, seipsum non potest salvum facere : si rex Israel est, descendat nunc de cruce, et credimus ei : [Matt xxvii. 42]
[6] And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying: Eli, Eli, lamma sabacthani? that is, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?
Et circa horam nonam clamavit Jesus voce magna, dicens : Eli, Eli, lamma sabacthani? hoc est : Deus meus, Deus meus, ut quid dereliquisti me? [Matt xxvii. 46]
[7] Camilla Battista da Varano, O.S.C.: 1458 – 1524, from Camerino, Italy, was an Italian princess and a Poor Clare nun and abbess. She wrote fluently in Latin and Italian and was accounted one of the most accomplished scholars of her day. Her work includes Pregheria a Dio (1488–1490), Remembrances of Jesus (Ricordi di Gesu) (1483–1491), Praise of the Vision of Christ (1479–1481), and The Spiritual Life (Vita Spirituale) (1491), an autobiography from 1466-1491.
[8] Blessed Simon of Cascia: c. 1295–1348; an ascetic and preacher from Cascia, Italy.
[9] When Jesus therefore had seen his mother and the disciple standing whom he loved, he saith to his mother: Woman, behold thy son.
Cum vidisset ergo Jesus matrem, et discipulum stantem, quem diligebat, dicit matri suae : Mulier, ecce filius tuus. [John xix. 26]
[10] Peter Damian: 1007 – 1072 or 1073). Benedictine monk and cardinal. Declared a Doctor of the Church in 1828. His Liber Gomorrhianus (Book of Gomorrah) is a powerful treatise regarding the evil of sodomy.
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| The Vladimirskaya Icon. >12th century. |
SUB tuum præsidium confugimus, Sancta Dei Genitrix. Nostras deprecationes ne despicias in necessitatibus, sed a periculis cunctis libera nos semper, Virgo gloriosa et benedicta. Amen.
Totus tuus ego sum
Et omnia mea tua sunt;
Tecum semper tutus sum:
Ad Jesum per Mariam.
